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|serviceyears=1900–1944 |rank=''SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS'' (Lieutenant General) |unit=SS Motorised Division ''Wiking'' |commands= 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division ''Prinz Eugen'' V SS Mountain Corps |battles= |battle_label= |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves German Cross in Gold |spouse= |relations= |laterwork=}} Artur Gustav Martin Phleps (29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and German army officer who held the rank of ''SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS'' (lieutenant general) in the ''Waffen-SS'' during World War II. An Austro-Hungarian Army officer before and during World War I, he specialised in mountain warfare and logistics, and had been promoted to ''Oberstleutnant'' (lieutenant colonel) by the end of the war. During the interwar period he joined the Romanian Army, reaching the rank of ''General-locotenent'' (major general), and also became an adviser to King Carol. After he spoke out against the government, he was sidelined and forcibly retired from the army. In 1941 he left Romania and joined the ''Waffen-SS'' as a ''SS-Standartenführer'' (colonel) under his mother's maiden name of Stolz. Seeing action on the Eastern Front as a regimental commander with the SS Motorised Division ''Wiking'', he later raised and commanded the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division ''Prinz Eugen'', raised the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS ''Handschar'' (1st Croatian), and commanded the V SS Mountain Corps. Units under his command committed many crimes against the civilian population of the Independent State of Croatia, Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia and Italian governorate of Montenegro. His final appointment was as plenipotentiary general in south Siebenbürgen and the Banat, during which he organised the evacuation of the ''Volksdeutsche'' (ethnic Germans) of Siebenbürgen to the Reich. In addition to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Phleps was awarded the German Cross in Gold, and after he was killed in September 1944, he was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross. ==Early life== Phleps was born in Birthälm (Biertan), near Hermannstadt in Siebenbürgen, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (modern-day Romania). At the time, Siebenbürgen was densely populated by ethnic Germans commonly referred to as Transylvanian Saxons. He was the third son of the surgeon Gustav Phleps and Sophie (née Stolz), the daughter of a peasant. Both families had lived in Siebenbürgen for centuries. After finishing at the Lutheran ''Realschule'' school in Hermannstadt, Phleps entered the Imperial and Royal cadet school in Pressburg (in modern-day Slovakia) in 1900, and on 1 November 1901 was commissioned as a ''Leutnant'' (lieutenant) in the 3rd Regiment of the ''Tiroler Kaiserjäger'' (mountain infantry). In 1903, Phleps was transferred to the 11th ''Feldjäger'' (rifle) Battalion in Güns (in modern-day Hungary), and in 1905 was accepted into the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt. He completed his studies in two years, and was endorsed as suitable for service in the General Staff. Following promotion to ''Oberleutnant'' (first lieutenant) he transferred to the staff of the 13th Infantry Regiment at Esseg in Slavonia, and then the 6th Infantry Division in Graz. This was followed by a promotion to ''Hauptmann'' (captain) in 1911 along with a position on the staff of the XV Army Corps in Sarajevo, where he specialised in mobilisation and communications in the difficult terrain of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artur Phleps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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